SHEIKH ZAYED GRAND MOSQUE CENTRE

The Mihrab

The Mihrab (Niche) is an essential architectural element of a mosque and symmetrically located in the middle of the Qibla Wall. It is a semicircular design located in the middle of the Qibla wall and traditionally known as the place where the imam will stand to lead the worshippers. Its Design is inspired by one of the references to ‘Heaven’ or ‘Paradise’ in the Holy Quran (Surah Mohammed-15) that describes the existence of many abundant rivers in heaven including a river of honey and milk.

The yellow golden leaf-glass mosaic of the Mihrab seems to flow downwards from the ‘beehive’ feature at the top, as if it were a river of golden honey. The reason why the Mihrab is in a half circle shape is related to the pre-electronic times when it helped to project the imam’s voice and create an echo ,so that the worshippers could hear him.

Reflective Pools

The reflective pools that run around the perimeter of Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque are a traditional feature of Islamic architecture and gardens across the centuries. A total of 10 rectangular pools surround the Mosque and are tiled in different shades of blue. Nearly 7,000 square meters of water breathes freshness and life into the architecture and cools the bright shimmer of the white marble. The view is especially spectacular by night when a specially designed lighting system projects bluish-gray clouds onto the white surfaces of the Mosque.

The Columns

More than one thousand columns flank the Mosque's exterior arcades, which is considered one of the striking features of the Mosque. The six-sided columns are clad with white marble slabs and inlaid with semi-precious stones, using a technique called "Pietra doura." The art form first appeared in Italy during the sixteenth century and was used in an adapted form by the seventeenth-century Mughal artisans in the Taj Mahal. The beauty of this meeting of two artistic techniques led to its revival and resurgence.

The total number of columns in the exterior area is 1096, and each piece of marble on the columns was individually carved and inlaid here on-site during the final stages of construction.

The column design is based on the date palm, and the stylized fronds that form the golden capitals are made of golden anodized aluminum.

The Minarets

The minarets of Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque are its tallest architectural feature, rising to about 107 meters from the four corners of the courtyard. Their design reflects the diversity and comprehensiveness of the mosque's architectural style inspired by various Islamic architectural designs from different eras.

The minarets are composed of several square, octagonal, and circular layers, adorned with distinctive sign features such as balconies, gilded finishes, spiral grids, and abundant cornices.

In the past, the minaret performed many historical functions. However, its primary function was to provide a high place for the muezzin ( caller to prayer) to raise the call to prayer. Nowadays, through modern technology, the call to prayer is raised from the minarets of mosques by loudspeakers.

It is worth mentioning that the word minaret comes from the Arabic word (manāra), meaning a beacon or a lighthouse, indicative of mosques leading in spreading knowledge and sciences across the Islamic eras.

The Glass Doors

The Mosque's glass doors are made of three panes of Italian Murano glass. The inner and outer panes are clear, but sandwiched between them, is a central pane with a beautiful floral design, using mosaic, cut, and sandblasting techniques.

Glass doorways and openings like this bring light into the interior, illuminating the inner walls, floors, and domes. They also call to mind the careful attention paid to incorporating the finest and most distinctive artistic elements into every aspect of this mega structure of art and architecture.

The Interior Walls

The walls of the main prayer hall are all clad with different types of marble from Italian quarries, such as white lasa, Bianco P, and Aquabianca. The elevations' patterns are interconnected circles forming five-sided stars and flowers clad with beautiful colored marble mosaics. The central glass part allows light to pass through.

The Clocks

There are 11 clocks in the inner halls of Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque, made in the United Kingdom and designed in the shape of a six-petaled flower made from stainless steel inlaid with pearls. In the centre, the analog hands indicate the hour and minutes, while the digital panels indicate the prayer times.

They are shaped like a six-petaled flower, each petal containing a flashing digital display. At the top, the time indicates the Fajr prayer time, followed by Shorouq or sunrise moving clockwise, then the Dhuhr prayer and Asr prayer. Later the Maghrib prayer performed between sunset and darkness, and concluding with the Isha prayer that is performed after dark, where the technology used takes into account the continuous change in dates throughout the year.

The Qibla Wall

The prayer hall has one wall facing Makkah, called the Qibla wall. The Qibla wall indicates the direction of the Ka'abah, the cubic-shaped building in the holy city of Makkah, Saudi Arabia. All Muslims pray facing the Ka'abah. The Qibla wall is cladded with Aquabianca and Bianco P marbles from Italy, and the design features many five-sided flower shapes, each containing a word. These are the ninety-nine most beautiful names or qualities of Allah, such as The Merciful, The Gracious, The Patient, The Wise, and The Charitable, to name just a few. This calligraphy style is called Kufic, and the Emirati calligrapher of the Qibla wall is Mohammed Mandi Al Tamimi. The wall is subtly illuminated with fiber-optic lighting. At the centre of its design is a large circle. The name written inside is Allah, meaning God Almighty.

The flower shape above it is empty. This absence represents Allah's unlimited qualities, which are unknown to us. Above the Mihrab (the niche) is a golden script, a verse from Al-A'araf Surah (chapter) that encourages Muslims to learn the meanings of Allah's qualities and use them during prayers. The Qibla wall has fewer colors than the walls behind them so that not to disturb the worshippers during their prayers.

The Interior Columns

In the main prayer room, 96 columns stand in groups of four, inlaid with mother-of-pearl vines and topped with stylized, golden-colored palm fronds. They are arranged in three circular formats and contribute to the structural support for the three main domes of the main prayer hall. They also house the air conditioning system in the middle of each pylon. This work was completed mainly by craftsmen in China.

The Main Prayer Hall

The main prayer hall is the largest in Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque and can accommodate approximately 7,800 worshippers. It's also used for important prayers and large congregations, including Eid festivals, the Holy month of Ramadan, and Friday Sermons. The Mosque's symmetry is a central feature of Islamic design. Almost everything is repeated on either side of the centre, as though in a mirror image. All prayer halls at the Mosque have been carefully designed to create a tranquil and serene ambiance, ranging from the interior columns, the aesthetic details adorning the walls, the carpet, and the chandeliers, which all are one of the most captivating features of the prayer halls. Also, symmetry at the Mosque is a central element of Islamic design. Where, almost everything is repeated on either side of the centre, as though in a mirror image.

The Mosque includes two additional prayer halls, one for men and the other for women, each of which can accommodate 1500 worshippers used during the daily prayers.

The Courtyard

The Sahan (courtyard) is an open space ,usually square or rectangular in shape that is often found in larger ‘Grand’ mosque structures and used by worshippers during significant Islamic prayers and large gatherings.

The Sahan of Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque is mainly used during official Eid Al Fitr(The Feast of Breakfast) and Eid Al Adha (The Feast of Sacrifice) prayers and for Taraweeh and Tahajjud prayers during the Holy Month of Ramadan. It spans an area of 17,400 square meters and accommodates up to 31,000 worshippers when full.

More than 30 types of marble were used in the design of the Sahan, including Italian, Indian, Greek, and Chinese. Whereas more than 9 million mosaic pieces clad the designs of 3825 panels measuring 2.1 meters by 2.1 meters, of which 2,385 panels were designed with white marble and 1440 panels with colored marble.

The intricate flower mosaics decorating the courtyard was designed by the British artist Kevin Dean, who embraced Sheikh Zayed’s passionate vision to create a mosque that unites the world, as he chose flowers from the Middle East, such as Tulips, Lilys, and Irises. As inlays of colored marble form exuberant floral patterns that curl and twist gracefully from the edges towards the centre adorn the courtyard. While the rest of the Sahan was inlaid with thousands of small pieces of white marble.

The courtyard of Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque may well be the largest marble mosaic artwork in the world.

The Chandeliers

Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque houses 7 chandeliers that blend in harmony with its unique design and the esthetics of Islamic art and architecture that catch the eye of visitors from all over the world as three huge crystal chandeliers suspend from the three domes inside the main prayer hall , similar in design, with the largest in the middle, in addition to four smaller chandeliers distributed in the VIP foyer, the Floral foyer and the two side foyers of the main hall.

The design is inspired by the date palm tree, where the trunk is the cylindrical part of the chandelier, the fronds are the corresponding parts in a concave shape, and the colored globes are the dates or the fruits of the date palm trees, suggesting the noble values which the UAE society embodies such as authenticity generosity, and giving instilled by the late founding father for generations.

The chandeliers design features Islamic and floral designs, with most of the medallions located underneath ,as a reflection of them on the carpet. For example, look up at one of the chandeliers. See how the circular arabesque design comes to a central point. There, crystals hang like droplets of color, ready to splash onto the medallion design of the carpet below.

The largest chandeliers in the mosque are located in the main hall and are 12 m in diameter, 15.5m in height, with 15,500 LEDs. As for the other smaller versions of the same design, located in the main prayer hall, each weigh 8 tons and are 12.5 m in height and 7 m in diameter, with 9,500 LEDs.

The mosque also includes chandeliers that are 4.5 m in diameter and 6.5 m in height, weighing 2 tons with 1,200 LEDs.

Stainless steel gilded with 24-carat galvanized gold was used to manufacture the chandeliers, The panels of the chandeliers' are inlaid with Swarovski crystals, while the number of green, red, and yellow crystal balls used in the design are about 40 million pieces; which add a unique aesthetic touch to the entire prayer hall.

The Carpet

The main prayer hall houses the world’s largest hand-knotted carpet, by Guinness World Records in 2007. The intricate Islamic medallion carpet was hand-knotted by approximately 1,200 artisans and took around 2 years, including 8 months of designing and 12 months of knotting. The rest of the time was spent weaving the pieces together.

It was made in nine separate pieces, flown to Abu Dhabi, and stitched together on-site. The final carpet, which fills the entire Main Prayer Hall, is 5,400 square meters, weighs 35 tons, of which about 70% is made of New Zealand wool and 30% of cotton.

Also, one of the unique features included in the carpet manufacturing is the raised divisions that are not seams. These ridges indicate lines (prayer lines) where worshippers should stand to pray. The indication lines are separate from the design, although worshippers can easily identify the lines in which to stand when the prayers commence. The lines were made by shaving the carpet and leaving those lines elevated, so they decreased the thickness of the carpet to show the 32 elevated lines in the main prayer hall. The design features Islamic and floral designs, with most of the medallions located under the chandeliers as a reflection of them on the carpet.

For example, look up at one of the chandeliers. See how the circular arabesque design comes to a central point. There, crystals hang like droplets of color, ready to splash onto the medallion design of the carpet below. Throughout the Mosque, you will find a design relationship among the chandeliers, carpet, wall elevations, and glasswork.

The Domes

Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque includes 82 domes of various sizes. They combine many harmonious forms of Islamic architecture predominantly inspired by the Moroccan and Mogul styles. The largest of which is located at the centre of the main prayer hall .it has a diameter of approximately 32.6 meters and a height of 84 meters.

The white marble cladding, the onion-shaped 'crowns,' and the crescent-shaped finials decorated with gold-glass mosaic are striking features that distinguish the dome's design.

The windows at the bottom of the dome allow natural light to enter the prayer halls. The inside of the domes features traditional Moroccan artwork made of a reinforced plaster called (GRG). It is decorated with verses from the Holy Quran, using different Arabic calligraphy styles such as Naskh, Thuluth, and Kufi.

Whereas the 14 glass domes, distributed above the female and male ablution areas, are an essential design element of Islamic gardens in mosques.

Overview

The late founder of the UAE, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan aspired to build a mosque personifying the moderation of Islam. This vision became a reality with the construction of the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque, one of the largest mosques in the world and a prominent landmark in the Emirates of Abu Dhabi. The first considerations to build the Mosque began in the late 1980s, and construction began on November 5th, 1996, and it opened for worship on Eid Al Adha 2007.

The Grand Mosque is a living reference of modern Islamic architecture that combines features and elements from various cultures across the Islamic civilization through its exquisite aesthetic and unique collections that have become the world's focus. While it also reflects the forward-looking vision of the founder, who sought for the Mosque to become a prominent religious and cultural edifice, and a platform that promotes notions of tolerance and cross-cultural communication. A vision also pursued by our leadership and embodied through the Mosque's position as a leading attraction for visitors from all over the world, firmly on the world tourist map.

Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque attracts millions of visitors from all walks of life who blend in harmony within a framework of noble values that emanate from the tolerant nature of the Islamic religion, and which are an essential part of the principles and values ingrained in Emirati society.

Through offering a system of services and programs that cater to the needs of a broad segment of worshippers and visitors, the Centre has secured its position among the world's top three popular attractions for years in a row, according to TripAdvisor's 'Travellers Choice Awards. Several award forums also recognized the Centre's accomplishments.

The Mosque was built on an elevated land that rises about 10 meters, on the outskirts of Abu Dhabi, with a total area of more than 555,000 square meters and can accommodate about 55,000 worshippers.

The construction of the grand Mosque took approximately 11 years and its design and construction 'unites the world,' using artisans, craftsmen, and materials from many countries, including Italy, Germany, Morocco, India, Turkey, China, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Greece and of course the United Arab Emirates. More than 3,000 workers and 38 contraction companies participated in the Mosque construction!